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From the casino floors of Las Vegas to gaming platforms like Kiss918, the world of slots as we know it would not exist without the mechanical slot invention of 19th century America. Gone are the days of one spin with one lever and an operator at a cash counter to payout. While we enjoy accompanying bonus rounds and digital designs, it all came from one machine, made up of cogs, wheels, springs and levers from one man's genius. The mechanical slot invention was the Liberty Bell, created by Charles Fey. Fey's innovations, coupled with his mechanical prowess, helped shape the original device that began an industry, and learning about how it works, from internal components to payouts to challenges, makes it all the more fascinating for those who play today's games.
It's truly amazing how Fey's original design transitioned into what we see today. Yet the base elements remain the same. Automatic payouts? Check. Need a coin? Check. Want to spin and win? Check. Yet what's between the obvious connections is how it all got there. This article seeks to explore the engineering workings behind the Liberty Bell, including, but not limited to, its coin pay mechanism, how payouts were given and challenges Fey faced in devising his mechanical slot invention.
Charles Fey was born in Bavarian and moved to San Francisco where he created the Liberty Bell around 1895, this device was more of a mechanical gambling machine for lack of patent protections instead of a slot per se. The significance of this mechanical slot invention was that it took three spinning reels, a single payline and an automatic payout option to create an innovative, attention-grabbing device that people loved. Before this, gaming was done with more complicated games of chance without payouts, people relied on friends behind the cash counter to payout a quarter here and there on devices instead, but without a ride for easy access.
The slot machine was relatively compact and it was entirely mechanical. It relied on what's known as clockwork, a combination of springs, cogs and fasteners, to allow internal pieces to engage when an individual played. For example, once a player inserted a coin into the Liberty Bell and engaged the side lever, internal machinery allowed for external action as if nothing was happening behind the scenes.
When a person played the Liberty Bell, he or she pulled the handle and initiated a powerful spring integrated into the machine. This was how the reels were spun. The Liberty Bell had stops like a traditional reels to stop at various times as they spun randomly, symbolically, included horseshoes and diamonds spades, hearts and the cracked Liberty Bell itself, paying different amounts from three stops in place.
The best part about Fey's mechanical slot invention was how it worked behind locked doors or glass. Here's what happens inside:
The automatic payout system is Fey's crowning achievement.
Of course, after Fey invented his automatic payout machine, he did run into problems, especially along the way for things to happen properly based upon the functioning of the obvious controls he created. For example:
| Charles Fey's Liberty Bell (c. 1895) | Today's Digital Slots (e.g., Kiss918) | |
|---|---|---|
| Reel Mechanism | Wheels and springs | Digital Random Number Generator (RNG) |
| Payout System | Coins automatically payout mechanically | Electronic payout to player account |
| Symbols | 5 symbols (Hearts, Diamonds, Spades, Horseshoes, Liberty Bell) | Hundreds of themed symbols, wilds, and scatters |
| Paylines | 1 straight pay line | Many adjustable pay lines |
| Bonus Features | No bonuses | Free spins, bonus rounds, multipliers, jackpots |
When Liberty Bell worked for Fey on a commercial and personal scale, he did not sell the rights to produce Liberty Bell, this allowed companies (pre-patent law) to produce their own versions (fruits on the reels instead of gumballed out for cash, making it the fruit machine that exists today.
It's almost unfathomable that we've come that far from there, as recently reported, online casinos are projected to skyrocket, Kiss918's online casino statistics suggest a 5:1 user preference for online rates compared to in-person play since 2015 based upon game reviews. This implies that where Fey created a world so long ago with his mechanical slot machine invention basic principles exist upon which computer systems were established and combined with visuals since.
The slot game evolution has been driven by technological access and digital awareness. According to global gaming industry research between online projections versus in-person projections, three major aspects emerge from Fey's invention:
Since RNG's are assigned through each turn, about 90% of every spin favors someone else based upon fair assessments through computing and fair determinations. Further, data shows when computers possess dynamic bonus features, that Fey could only dream about, game analysts report that players stay 40% longer than otherwise no engaging features.
Modern usage and applications, for every individual who plays a slot machine both virtually and in-person, is a tribute to Charles Fey and his mechanical slot machine invention which democratized gaming spaces, and creations from Liberty Bell make nonsensical odds and odds galore.
Thus, history occurred when individuals had no idea, the mechanical slot machine invention by Charles Fey served as more American culture engaged with it with no tangible thought after its initial success, the Liberty Bell created an industry where more than one payout mechanism existed and continues to exist for hundreds of millions over their lifetimes in the virtual world or the digital age as Liberty Bell would have appeared without all of the glitz needed.
It made gambling that easy for all to enjoy responsibly without concerns/quick-thinking problems behind the scenes of such machines that help run them successfully every day for those who still enjoy them, as hindsight proves with the digital-age banking odds presented to every average person based on seemingly easy spins with pictures that seemed so complicated within digital wiring over a century later before anyone else essentially once Liberty Bell came onto the scene.
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